
What is CDC in data engineering? Change data capture explained
What is CDC in data engineering? Learn how change data capture records database changes, differs from ETL and incremental loading, and when to use it.
An honest 2026 comparison of CDC tools for databases: Debezium, Estuary Flow, Fivetran, Airbyte, AWS DMS, and ingestr. Log-based vs query-based CDC, when you actually need streaming, and how to pick without over-engineering.

Kateryna Kozachenko
Marketing & Growth
TL;DR: The best change data capture tools for databases in 2026 are Debezium (open-source, log-based, the industry standard for streaming CDC), Estuary Flow (managed real-time CDC), Fivetran (managed, log-based for the databases it supports), AWS DMS (cheap CDC inside AWS), and ingestr (a simple open-source CLI for incremental and replication loads when you do not need sub-second streaming). Most teams reach for streaming CDC before they need it. The first question is not "which CDC tool" but "do I actually need log-based CDC, or is a good incremental load enough?"
Change data capture means keeping a destination in sync with a source database by moving only what changed (inserts, updates, deletes) instead of reloading the whole table. Done well, it is how you replicate a production Postgres or MySQL database into a warehouse cheaply and continuously. Done wrong, it is a Kafka cluster you did not need and an on-call rotation you did not want. This guide is about picking correctly.
A large share of teams that think they need streaming log-based CDC actually need a reliable incremental load every few minutes. Being honest about which one you need is the single biggest cost decision in this whole category.
| Tool | CDC type | Open source | Runs as | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debezium | Log-based, streaming | Yes | Kafka Connect (server) | Real-time streaming CDC at scale |
| Estuary Flow | Log-based, streaming | Partly (managed service) | Managed cloud | Real-time CDC without running Kafka |
| Fivetran | Log-based (supported DBs) | No | Managed cloud | Zero-maintenance, will pay for it |
| AWS DMS | Log-based | No | Managed (AWS) | CDC within the AWS ecosystem, low cost |
| Airbyte | Log-based (via Debezium) | Yes (self-host) | Server + UI | Connector breadth with CDC on major DBs |
| ingestr | Query-based incremental + replication | Yes | CLI (no server) | Simple, scheduled replication without streaming ops |
The open-source standard for log-based streaming CDC. It reads the transaction log and emits change events, typically into Kafka. If you need genuine real-time replication and you have (or want) a streaming platform, Debezium is the reference implementation. The cost is operational: you are running Kafka Connect, managing connectors, and handling schema evolution and offsets. Powerful, and heavier than most teams expect.
Managed, real-time CDC without you standing up Kafka. It gives you log-based capture from databases into warehouses and other destinations with low latency. A good fit if you genuinely need streaming but do not want to operate the streaming infrastructure yourself.
Fully managed, log-based CDC for the databases it supports, with the least maintenance of anything here. You configure a connector and it keeps your warehouse in sync. The tradeoff is cost, which is usage-based and can climb with high-change-volume tables, and that it is closed and cloud-only.
If you are already in AWS, DMS does log-based CDC into targets like S3, Redshift, and RDS cheaply. It is less polished than the dedicated vendors and its schema handling can be fiddly, but the price is hard to argue with inside AWS.
Airbyte offers CDC on major databases using Debezium under the hood, wrapped in its connector platform and UI. You get streaming CDC plus a large connector catalog, at the cost of self-hosting the Airbyte server (or paying for Airbyte Cloud).
We build ingestr, and it is deliberately the simple option here: an open-source CLI that does incremental and replication loads from databases and SaaS sources into your warehouse, with no server to run. It is query-based incremental for the general case, which covers most analytics replication cleanly:
ingestr ingest \
--source-uri 'postgresql://user:pass@host:5432/db' \
--source-table 'public.orders' \
--dest-uri 'snowflake://...' \
--dest-table 'raw.orders' \
--incremental-strategy merge \
--incremental-key updated_at \
--primary-key id
If your requirement is "keep the warehouse copy of these tables current every few minutes without operating Kafka," ingestr does that with one command and a scheduler. If your requirement is sub-second streaming or guaranteed capture of every hard delete from the log, use Debezium or Estuary. We would rather tell you that than sell you streaming you do not need.
Whichever CDC tool you land on, capturing changes is step one. The changes still need to be modeled into clean tables, quality-checked, and scheduled alongside the rest of your pipeline. ingestr is the ingestion layer of Bruin, an open-source platform that also handles transformation, data quality, and orchestration, so replication and everything downstream live in one place rather than in a CDC tool plus a transformation tool plus a scheduler. If you use streaming CDC, the same principle holds: keep the modeling and quality layer close to where the changes land.
For the wider ingestion landscape see our best data ingestion tools in 2026 guide, and for replicating into a specific warehouse, the guides for Snowflake, BigQuery, and Databricks.
I work at Bruin, so this is an informed but interested take. Corrections welcome at [email protected].

What is CDC in data engineering? Learn how change data capture records database changes, differs from ETL and incremental loading, and when to use it.
An honest 2026 guide to data ingestion tools, from Fivetran and Airbyte to dlt, Sling, Meltano, and ingestr. Which are open source, which connect to live company data, which support CDC and incremental loads, and which fit a modern AI data stack.
How to replicate Postgres, MySQL, SQL Server, or another database into Snowflake in 2026. Managed vs open-source options, a step-by-step with the ingestr CLI, incremental loading, and the Snowflake-specific gotchas (staging, warehouses, cost).
Practical updates on open-source data pipelines, AI analysts, governance, and what we are shipping at Bruin.
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